preprint

Inserted: 30 oct 2026

Year: 2026

Abstract:

We study the topology and regularity of small sub-Riemannian balls under an index condition on length-minimizing curves in the metric tangent space. We prove that sufficiently small spheres are Lipschitz hypersurfaces homeomorphic to Euclidean spheres, while closed balls are homeomorphic to Euclidean closed balls, and open balls are diffeomorphic to Euclidean open balls. These results improve the known ones and extend them beyond two-step distributions. The proof relies on uniform Lipschitz estimates for the distance, of independent interest.