Published Paper

Inserted: 17 jun 2026
Last Updated: 1 oct 2026

Journal: Complex Anal. Oper. Theory
Volume: 20
Number: 190
Year: 2026
Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11785-026-02049-6

Part of a collection:

Advances in Operator Theory and Quantum Mechanics (Milan, 2025)

Abstract:

In this paper we consider a model for the Dirac field in a classical electromagnetic field at thermal equilibrium. We adopt the Pauli-Villars regularisation technique in order to properly define the free energy of the equilibrium state, extending the previous work by the second named author on the purely magnetic case. This work provides a first step towards understanding polarisation effects in the Dirac field at thermal equilibrium, in the presence of both electrostatic and magnetic potentials.