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<P class=MsoTitle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><STRONG><U>Colloqui
Classe di Scienze<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></U></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt" align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes"></SPAN> </H2>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt" align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes">Mercoledì 11
gennaio 2012</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">ore <SPAN
style="mso-no-proof: yes">15.00</SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><U><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Scuola Normale
Superiore<o:p></o:p></SPAN></U></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Pisa<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">(Sala
Stemmi)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"></SPAN></B> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Rashid
Sunyaev<I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="mso-no-proof: yes"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT
size=3>Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics & Space Research Institute,
Moscow<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Terrà un
seminario dal titolo:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 324.0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">“</SPAN></I><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Cosmic Microwave Background
Radiation, Hot Intergalactic Gas in Clusters of Galaxies and
Cosmology</SPAN></B><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 26pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">”</SPAN></I></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 26pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"></SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: #000066; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Abstract:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Clusters
of galaxies are the most massive objects in our Universe. They contain dark
matter, thousands of galaxies and are filled with hot intergalactic gas
radiating in X-rays. The interaction of hot electrons with Cosmic
Microwave Background (CMB) photons changes the radiation spectrum in the
directions toward clusters of galaxies. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>As a result clusters become “negative
sources” of radiation in the microwave spectral band. This property opens
the way to detect all clusters of galaxies (more than 100 000 !!!) in the
observable Universe with the forthcoming Planck Surveyor spacecraft and the
specifically designed South Pole Telescope, Atacama Cosmology Telescope.
Observations of clusters in X-ray and microwave spectral bands will allow to
measure the distance to any rich cluster of galaxies and open the way to
precisely measure the Hubble constant. The dream is to find “the curve of
growth” – the space density of massive clusters of galaxies as a function
of redshift or age of the Universe. The shape of this curve will provide
important information about key parameters of our Universe and its constituents,
including dark energy.</SPAN></I><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #000066; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes">Tutti
gli interessati sono invitati a partecipare<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 318.6pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Classe di
Scienze<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 247.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial
size=2>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR>Valeria
Giuliani<BR>Scuola Normale Superiore<BR>Servizio Supporto Attività
Didattiche<BR>Tel. 050-509260<BR>Fax. 050-509045<BR>Piazza dei Cavalieri,
7<BR>56126 Pisa<BR>E-Mail: <A
href="mailto:v.giuliani@sns.it">v.giuliani@sns.it</A> <BR>E-Mail: <A
href="mailto:segreteria.scienze@sns.it">segreteria.scienze@sns.it</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Le informazioni contenute nella presente e-mail e
nei relativi allegati possono essere riservate e sono, comunque, destinate
esclusivamente al destinatario in indirizzo.<BR>E’ vietata, pertanto, la
diffusione, distribuzione e/o copiatura di tali informazioni da parte di
qualsiasi soggetto diverso dal destinatario. <BR>Chiunque abbia ricevuto o letto
questa e-mail per errore o senza esserne legittimato è invitato a darne
immediatamente notizia al mittente tramite fax o e-mail e a
distruggerla.<BR>Grazie.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
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