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<P class=MsoTitle style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=center><SPAN
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Classe di Scienze<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns =
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<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt" align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes">Mercoledì 18
maggio 2011</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H2>
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style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">ore <SPAN
style="mso-no-proof: yes">15.00</SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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align=center><SPAN
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align=center><U><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Scuola Normale
Superiore<o:p></o:p></SPAN></U></P>
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align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Pisa<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">(Sala
Stemmi)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><B><U><SPAN
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style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"> </SPAN></o:p></SPAN></U></B></P>
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style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"
align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Pierre
Cartier<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
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style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">(IHES
, Bures-sur-Yvette , France , and<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
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align=center><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Université
Paris Diderot )<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
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style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"
align=center><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></I></P>
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style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></I></P>
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align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Terrà un
seminario dal titolo:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 324.0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P><PRE style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">“</SPAN></I></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Numbers and symmetries: the<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>200th<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>anniversary of Galois' birth”<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></PRE>
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style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Abstract:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Almost
two centuries ago , Evariste Galois gave the key<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>to a deeper understanding of the
difficulties facing the solution of<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>algebraic equations of degree higher than four .<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The new idea is a<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>"<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>theory of ambiguity " ,
explaining why we cannot distinguish for<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>instance between 2^(1/2) and<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>-2^(1/2) .<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>In
essence , what does it<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>mean to
define a number ? After a classical age , where the heroes<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>have been Emil Artin , André Weil<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>and his illegal brainchild
Nicolas<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Bourbaki , Claude Chevalley
and many others , the problem sprung again<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>after the thorogh revision of geometry by Alexander Grothendieck . I
shall describe some instances of new developments connected with this theory of
ambiguity , hence offering a walking tour through geometry , number theory ,
differential equations , and physics . I shall describe the expected role of a
mysterious "cosmical Galois group"<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></I></P>
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style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-GB
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes">Tutti
gli interessati sono invitati a partecipare<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 247.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Classe di
Scienze<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial
size=2>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR>Valeria
Giuliani<BR>Scuola Normale Superiore<BR>Servizio Supporto Attività Didattiche -
Scienze<BR>Tel. 050-509260<BR>Fax. 050-509045<BR>Piazza dei Cavalieri,
7<BR>56126 Pisa<BR>E-Mail: <A
href="mailto:v.giuliani@sns.it">v.giuliani@sns.it</A> <BR>E-Mail: <A
href="mailto:segreteria.scienze@sns.it">segreteria.scienze@sns.it</A></FONT></DIV>
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