<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML xmlns:o = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<META content="MSHTML 6.00.2900.3395" name=GENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>
<DIV><FONT face="Bitstream Vera Serif" color=#000080 size=2><EM>Inoltro avviso
di Seminario a me pervenuto.</EM></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Bitstream Vera Serif" color=#000080 size=2><EM>Cordiali
saluti</EM></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Bitstream Vera Serif" color=#000080 size=2><EM>Liviana
Paoletti</EM></FONT></DIV></FONT></DIV></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message -----
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A
title=r.franceschi@sns.it href="mailto:r.franceschi@sns.it">Raffaella
Franceschi</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, March 16, 2011 11:37 AM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> Avviso Colloquio della Classe di Scienze prof.Michael
Neuberger (16.03.2011)</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>
<DIV>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt" align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes">
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><STRONG><U>Colloqui
Classe di Scienze<o:p></o:p></U></STRONG></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt" align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes"></SPAN> </H2></DIV></FONT></SPAN></H2>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt" align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes">Mercoledì 16
marzo 2011</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">ore <SPAN
style="mso-no-proof: yes">15.00</SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><U><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Scuola Normale
Superiore<o:p></o:p></SPAN></U></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Pisa<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">(Sala
Stemmi)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 26pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"></SPAN></I></B> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 26pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Michael
Neuberger<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 324.0pt"
align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Terrà un
seminario dal titolo:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 324.0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 45pt 0pt 0cm"
align=center><STRONG><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-GB
style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">“</SPAN></I><SPAN
lang=EN-GB
style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">The
Generation of Diversity in the Immune System</SPAN><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-GB
style="FONT-SIZE: 26pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">”</SPAN></I><SPAN
lang=EN-GB
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Abstract:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT
size=3>Microbial infection has traditionally provided one of the greatest
threats to human survival. The immune system exists in order to combat
such infection, but micro-organisms themselves mutate and evolve to bypass
immunity. In order therefore to provide as broad a protection as possible,
the immune system must generate an enormous diversity of weaponry (antibodies)
to combat the vast array of micro-organisms. Recent work has revealed that
the immune system contains a specific mutator protein whose job is to
mutate the antibody genes themselves, allowing the generation of a vast array
(> 1 billion) of antibodies from only a small number of antibody genes.
This targeted mutation also allows the antibodies themselves to change
during the course of an infection, so that they adjust to the evolving pathogen.
I will review what we have recently learned about how about how antibody
diversity is generated through targeted mutation of DNA and consider how such
information can be useful in medicine and
biotechnology. <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-GB
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes">Tutti
gli interessati sono invitati a partecipare<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-no-proof: yes"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 247.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Classe di
Scienze</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 247.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 247.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 247.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"></SPAN> </P><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">
<DIV><FONT size=3>Franceschi Raffaella<BR>Scuola Normale Superiore<BR>Servizio
Supporti Attività Didattiche-SCIENZE<BR>P.zza dei Cavalieri, 7<BR>56126
Pisa<BR>e-mail: </FONT><A href="mailto:r.franceschi@sns.it"><FONT
size=3>r.franceschi@sns.it</FONT></A><BR><FONT
size=3>tel.050/509241<BR></FONT></DIV><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial
size=2>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>